Oliver Leaman is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Kentucky. He is the author and editor of books on Islamic, Jewish and Asian philosophy and culture, and his most recent books are Controversies in Contemporary Islam, Routledge, 2013, the second edition of his Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy, published by Bloomsbury in 2015, The Qur’an: Philosophical Perspectives, also Bloomsbury and the Routledge Handbook of Islamic Ritual and Practice, 2022, which he edited. He has edited for Routledge The Qur’an: An Encyclopedia, 2006, Ninian Smart’s World Philosophies, 2008, and co-written Islam: the Key Concepts, with Kecia Ali, 2008. He is the author of Islamic Aesthetics, Notre Dame University Press, 2004. He is the author of Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy, 1999 and Eastern Philosophy: Key Readings, 2000. He is on the editorial board of the Islamic Studies section of Oxford Bibliographies Online and the editor of the Islamic Philosophy Series, Routledge.